Tailieumoi.vn ikufuna kukufotokozerani za equation H₂S + 4Cl₂ + 4 MAola₂O → BWANJI₂SO₄ + 8 HCl kuphatikizira momwe zinthu zimachitikira, njira, zochitika ndi zochitika zina zofananira zomwe zimathandiza ophunzira kuphatikiza chidziwitso chonse ndi luso loyeserera pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi okhudzana ndi ma chemical reaction equation a Sulfur. Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere:

Equation H₂S + 4Cl₂ + 4 MAola₂O → BWANJI₂SO₄ + 8 HCl

1. Chemical Reaction Equation

H₂S + 4Cl₂ + 4 MAola₂O → BWANJI₂SO₄ + 8 HCl

2. Chochitika chozindikira kuchitika kwa zomwe zimachitika

– Madzi a klorini amasungunuka.

3. Zoyenera kuchita kuti zichitike

-H₂S imakhudzidwa ndi madzi a chlorini kutentha kwa firiji.

4. Mankhwala katundu

4.1. Chemical katundu wa HO₂S

Ofooka acidity

Hydrogen sulfide imasungunuka m’madzi kupanga njira yofooka kwambiri ya asidi (yofooka kuposa carbonic acid), yotchedwa sulfuric acid (H₂S).

Asidi wa sulfuriki amakumana ndi alkalis kupanga mchere awiri: mchere wosalowerera, monga Na₂S ili ndi ions S^2- ndi mchere wa acidic monga NaHS wokhala ndi HS⁻.

H₂S + NaOH → NaHS + H₂O

H₂S + 2NaOH → Na₂S + 2H₂O

Wamphamvu kuchepetsa katundu

Ndi chochepetsera champhamvu chifukwa mu H₂S sulfure ali ndi nambala yotsika kwambiri ya okosijeni (-2).

Mukamachita nawo mankhwala, kutengera mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa oxidizing agent, kutentha, ndi zina zotero, sulfure ya element ili ndi nambala ya okosijeni ya -2 (S).^-2) akhoza kukhala okosijeni ku (S⁰), (CHIFUKWA⁺⁴), (CHIFUKWA^{+ 6}).

– Yankhani ndi mpweya akhoza kupanga S kapena SO₂ kutengera kuchuluka kwa mpweya komanso momwe zimakhalira.

Pa kutentha kwambiri, H. gasi₂S imayaka mumlengalenga ndi lawi lotuwa la buluu, H₂S ndi oxidized ku SO₂:

– Yankhani ndi klorini akhoza kupanga S kapena₂SO₄ malingana ndi mmene zinthu.

H₂S + 4Cl₂ + 4 MAola₂O → 8HCl + H₂SO₄

H₂S + Cl₂ → 2HCl + S (mpweya wa chlorine umakumana ndi H . mpweya)₂S)

4.2. Chemical katundu wa Cl₂

Zotsatira ndi zitsulo

Nthawi zambiri zitsulo ndipo ali ndi t^o kuti ayambe kuchitapo kanthu kuti apange mchere wa chloride (wokhala ndi valence yapamwamba)

Zotsatira pa nonmetals

(imafuna kutentha kapena kuwala)

Yankhani ndi madzi ndi lye

Cl₂ Amachita ngati onse oxidizing ndi kuchepetsa.

Zotsatira ndi madzi

Ikasungunuka m’madzi, gawo la chlorine limachita (zosinthika)

Cl₂⁰ + ABWENZI₂O → HCl + HClO (Hypochlorous Acid)

Hypochlorous acid ndi amphamvu oxidizing wothandizira, amawononga mitundu, kotero madzi klorini kapena chonyowa klorini amakhala bleaching katundu.

Kuchita ndi mchere wa ma halojeni ena

Cl₂ + 2NaBr → 2NaCl + Br₂

Cl₂ + 2FeCl₂ → 2FeCl₃

3Cl₂ + 6 FESO₄ → 2 Fe₂(SO)₄)₃ + 2FeCl₃

Cl₂ + 2KI → 2KCl + I₂

Zochita ndi zochepetsera zina

M’malo zimachitikira, kuwonjezera anachita, kuwonongeka anachita ndi organic mankhwala

Zochita ndi mayankho ofunikira

4.3. Mankhwala katundu wa madzi

– Kugwira ntchito ndi chuma: Madzi amatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zitsulo zina pamatenthedwe abwinobwino monga Ca, Ba, K, ndi zina.

5. Momwe mungayendetsere kuyesa

– Kusintha kwa HO₂S mu chlorinated amadzimadzi njira.

6. Zochita Zogwirizana

Funso 1: Poyankha: Cl₂ + ABWENZI₂O ↔ HCl + HClO klorini amasewera:

A. Monga wothandizira kuchepetsa

B. Onse oxidizing ndi kuchepetsa wothandizira

C. Monga wothandizira oxidizing

D. Osati oxidizing wothandizira, osati kuchepetsa

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

Ganizirani za kusintha kwa oxidation nambala ya Cl:

+ Wonjezerani kuchokera pa 0 mpaka +1 (mu HClO)

+ Chepetsani kuchoka pa 0 mpaka -1 (mu HCl)

Chlorine ndi zonse zochepetsera komanso oxidizing.

Ndime 2: Ganizirani zomwe zinachitika: 2Cl₂ + 6 KODI $\stackrel{{\text{t}}^{\text{0}}}{\to }$ 5KCl + KClO₃ + 3 MAola₂O.

M’machitidwe apamwambawa, Cl₂ sewera mbali

A. kuchepetsa wothandizira.

B. onse oxidizing wothandizira ndi kuchepetsa.

C. okosijeni.

D. chilengedwe.

Njira yothetsera

Yankho ndi AYI

$\text{3}{\stackrel{0}{\text{Cl}}}_{\text{2}}\text{+ 6 KODI}\stackrel{{\text{t}}^{\text{0}}}{\to }\text{5K CZK}\stackrel{-\mathrm{choyamba}}{\text{Cl}}\text{+ KY}\stackrel{+5}{\text{Cl}}{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}{\text{+ 3 MAola}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Funso 3: Mu labotale, gasi X imakonzedwa ndikusonkhanitsidwa mu botolo la conical pokankhira mpweya monga momwe zilili pansipa:

Gasi X Kukhala

A. Cl₂.

B. AKAZI₂.

C. BANJA₂.

D. ANG’ONO₃.

Njira yothetsera

Yankho A

Njira yodutsa pansi yotolera mpweya wolemera kuposa mpweya => Cl₂ (M = 71> 29).

Funso 4: Lolani mg wa Fe ufa uchite ndi mpweya wa Cl₂ pambuyo pomaliza, m + 12,78 magalamu a osakaniza X anapezedwa. Mtengo wa m ndi.

A. 5.6g pa

B. 11.2 magalamu

C. 16.8 magalamu

D. 8.4 magalamu.

Njira yothetsera

Yankho ndi AYI

Zomwe mungachite:

2Fe + 3Cl₂ $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 2FeCl₃

Fe + 2FeCl₃ → 3FeCl₂

n_{Fe pu} = n_Chlorine

$\Rightarrow \frac{m-1.12}{56}=\frac{12.78}{71}\Rightarrow m=11.2g$

Funso 5: Kwa 7.84 malita a gasi osakaniza X (dktc) kuphatikiza Cl₂ lowani₂ zokwanira kuchitapo kanthu ndi 11.1 magalamu osakaniza Y opangidwa ndi Mg ndi Al, kupereka 30.1 magalamu osakaniza Z. The kulemera peresenti ya Al mu Y ndi.

A. 75.68 %.

B. 24.32%.

C. 51.35%.

D. 48.65%.

Njira yothetsera

Yankho ndi AYI

Khazikitsani nambala ya moles wa Cl₂ ndi x mol; nambala ya moles wa O₂ ndi y mol. Malinga ndi vutoli, tili ndi dongosolo la equation:

$\left(\begin{array}{c}x+y=\frac{7.84}{22.4}\\ 71x+32y=30.1-11.1=19\end{array}\right)\iff \left(\begin{array}{c}x=0.2\\ y=0.15\end{array}\right)$

Lolani kuchuluka kwa ma moles a Mg ndi Al akhale a ndi b mol, motsatana. Malinga ndi vutoli, tili ndi dongosolo la equation:

$\left(\begin{array}{c}24a+27b=11.1\\ 2a+3b=\mathrm{0.2.2}+\mathrm{0.15.4}\end{array}\right)\iff \left(\begin{array}{c}a=0.35\\ b=0.1\end{array}\right)$

Ndiye% m_Al = $\frac{\mathrm{0.1.27}}{11.1}.100\%=24.32\%.$

Funso 6: Zotsatira zotsatirazi zimachitika:

H₂S + 4Cl₂ + 4 MAola₂O → BWANJI₂SO₄ + 8 HCl

Ndi chiganizo chiti chomwe chimafotokoza bwino za zomwe zimachita?

A. H₂S ndiye wothandizira kuchepetsa, H₂O ndi oxidizing wothandizira.

B. Cl₂ ndi oxidizing wothandizira. H₂O ndiye wothandizira kuchepetsa.

C. H₂S ndiye wothandizira oxidizing, Cl₂ ndi wothandizira kuchepetsa.

D. Cl₂ ndi oxidizing wothandizira. H₂S ndiye wothandizira kuchepetsa.

Njira yothetsera

YANKHO WOsavuta

High School: IWO₂S + 4Cl₂ + 4 MAola₂O → BWANJI₂SO₄ + 8 HCl

Zomwe zili pamwambapa, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kwa sulfure kumawonjezeka kuchokera ku -2 mpaka +6 H₂S ndiye wothandizira kuchepetsa

Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wa klorini kumachepa kuchokera ku 0 mpaka -1 Cl₂ ndi oxidizing wothandizira

Ndime 7: Potengera chithunzi cha zomwe anachita:

H₂S + KMnO₄ + ABWENZI₂SO₄ → ABWENZI₂O + S + MnSO₄ + KY₂SO₄

Ndi iti mwa mndandanda wotsatirawu yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zofananira (zokwanira, zochepa) za zotulutsa mpweya?

A. 3, 2, 5

B. 5, 2, 3

C. 2, 2, 5

D. 5, 2, 4

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

5 MAOLA₂S + 2KMnO₄+ 3 MAola₂SO₄ → MAOLA 8₂O + 5S + 2MnSO₄+ KY₂SO₄

Ndime 8: Chithunzi cha Chemical reaction: H₂S + O₂ (zotsalira) $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ X + SIZE₂O. Chinthu X chikhoza kukhala

A. SO₂

B. S

C. SO₃

D. S kapena SO₂

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho A

Kodi O₂ chotsalira kotero X ndi SO₂Chemical equation:

H₂S + 3O₂ (zotsalira) $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$2 SO₂ + 2 NYUMBA₂O

Ndime 9: Kuwotcha kwathunthu malita 8.96 H₂S (dktc) mu oxygen yochuluka, kenaka tumizani zinthu zonse mu 50 ml ya 25% NaOH solution (D = 1.28). Kuchuluka kwa mchere mu yankho ndi

A. 47.92%

B. 42.96%

C. 42.69%

D. 24.97%

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

$n_{H_{2}S}=0.4mol$; n_NaOH = $\mathrm{50.1.28.}\frac{25}{100}$ = 0.4 mol

2 banja₂S + 3O₂ → 2SO₂+ 2 NYUMBA₂O

$\to n_{S{O}_2}=0.4mol$

Tikuwona: $\frac{n_{O{H}^{-}}}{n_{S{O}_2}}=\mathrm{choyamba}\to$Pangani mchere wa acidic: NaOH + SO₂ →NaHSO₃

Malinga ndi PTTH: $n_{\mathrm{AKAZI}aHS{O}_3}=n_{S{O}_2}=0.4mol$

→ m_{dd pambuyo pake}= 50.1.28 + 0.4.64 + 0.4.18 = 96.8g

→ $\%m_{\mathrm{AKAZI}aHS{O}_3}=42.98\%$

Funso 10: Pakuti gasi mankhwala analandira poyaka 17.92 malita a H. mpweya₂S (dktc) yophika mu 200 ml ya 25% NaOH yankho (d = 1.28g/ml). Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mchere mu njira yothetsera?

A. 32.81%

B. 23.81%

C. 18.23%

D. 18.32%

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho A

BTNT “S”: $n_{S{O}_2}=n_{H_{2}S}=0.8mol$

m _{dd NaOH} = 200.1.28 = 256 magalamu

→ m_NaOH = 256.25% = 64 magalamu

→ n_NaOH = 1.6 mol

$\frac{n_{\mathrm{AKAZI}aOH}}{n_{S{O}_2}}=2$

→ Mchere wopangidwa ndi Na₂SO₃

2NaOH + SO₂ → Na₂SO₃ + ABWENZI₂O

Malinga ndi PTTH:

$n_{\mathrm{AKAZI}{a}_{2}S{O}_3}=n_{S{O}_2}=0.8mol\to m_{\mathrm{AKAZI}{a}_{2}S{O}_3}=100.8g$

Kuchuluka kwa yankho pambuyo pochita:

m _{dd pambuyo pake} = 256 + 0,8.64 = 307.2 magalamu

Choncho $\mathrm{AKALE}{\%}_{\mathrm{AKAZI}{a}_{2}S{O}_3}=\frac{100.8}{307.2}.100\%=32.81\%$

Funso 11: Kwa H gasi₂S wades kudzera mu CuSO₄ Mphepo yakuda imvi idawoneka, kuwonetsa kuti:

A. Kusintha kwa okosijeni-kuchepetsa kumachitika

B. CuS precipitate imapangidwa, yosasungunuka mu ma asidi amphamvu

C. Sulphuric acid ndi wamphamvu kuposa sulfuric acid

D. sulfuric acid ndi wamphamvu kuposa sulfuric acid

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

H₂S + CuSO₄ → CuS↓ + SURVEY₂SO₄

Ndime 12: H yankho₂Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani S ikasiyidwa mlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali?

A. Amakhala wofiirira

B. Wamtambo, wachikasu

C. Komabe mandala ndi colorless

D. Mawonekedwe akuda olimba.

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

2 banja₂S + O₂ → 2s_{(↓ golide)} + 2 NYUMBA₂O

Ndime 13: Mpweya wa 2.24 malita a H gasi₂S (dktc) mu 0.2 mol ya yankho la Ba(OH).₂ Ndiye mulu wa mchere wosungunuka womwe umapezeka ndi:

A. 40.6g pa

B. 33.8g pa

C. 16.9g pa

D. Zotsatira zina

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

$n_{H_{2}S}=0.1mol,n_{\mathrm{Chotsani}a{\left(OH\right)}_2}=0.2mol$

→ Chiwerengero : $\frac{n_{H_{2}S}}{n_{\mathrm{Chotsani}a{\left(OH\right)}_2}}=\frac{0.1}{0.2}=0.5$ <1 → pangani mchere wa BaS

H₂S + Ba(OH)₂ → BaS + 2H₂O

0.10.2→ 0.1

→ m _BAS = 0.1 . 169 = 16.9 g

7. Ma chemical reaction equations a Sulfur (S) and compounds:

H₂S + 2NaOH → Na₂S + 2H₂O

H₂S + NaOH → NaHS + H₂O

3 MAOLA₂S + 2HNO₃ → MAOLA 4₂O + 2NO↑ + 3S↓

H₂S + 2FeCl₃ → SHO + 2FeCl₂ + 2 HCl

3 MAOLA₂S + 2KMnO₄ → 2KOH + 2MnO₂+ 3S↓ + 2H₂O

H₂S + 4Br₂ + 4 MAola₂O → 8HBr + H₂SO₄

H₂S + Pb(NO₃)₂ → PbS↓ + 2HNO₃