NH4NO2 → N2 + H2O | ript.edu.vn

Tailieumoi.vn ikufuna kukufotokozerani za equation pyrolysis yaying’ono₄AYI₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂ + 2 NYUMBA₂O kuphatikiza momwe amachitira, njira, zochitika ndi zochitika zina zofananira kuthandiza ophunzira kuphatikiza chidziwitso chawo chonse ndikuchita luso lawo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi a Nito’s chemical reaction equations. Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere:

Equation yaing’ono ya pyrolysis₄AYI₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂ + 2 NYUMBA₂O

1. Chemical Reaction Equation

ANG’ONO₄AYI₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂ + 2 NYUMBA₂O

2. Chodabwitsa cha kuzindikira kwamachitidwe

Pali gasi akutuluka

3. Zoyenera kuchita

– Kutenthetsa pang’ono.

4. Mankhwala katundu

Yankhani ndi mankhwala amchere

– Miyezo yambiri ya mchere wa ammonium imakhudzidwa ndi madzi amchere ikatenthedwa kuti ipange mpweya wa ammonia.

Chitsanzo:

ANG’ONO₄Cl + NaOH $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ ANG’ONO₃↑ + NaCl + H₂O

Net ionic equation ndi:

$AKAZI H_{4}^{+}$ + UWU^–→ ANG’ONO₃+₂O

→ Izi anachita kwa ammonium ion kuzindikira ndi zasayansi kukonzekera ammonia.

pyrolysis reaction

Mchere wa ammonium umawonongeka mosavuta ndi kutentha.

– Ammonium salt okhala ndi ma radicals a non-oxidizing acid akatenthedwa amawonongeka kukhala NH.₃.

Chitsanzo:

ANG’ONO₄Cl _(r) $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ ANG’ONO₃+ HCl↑

– Ammonium carbonate ndi ammonium bicarbonate salt amawola pang’onopang’ono ngakhale kutentha kwa firiji, akatenthedwa, zomwe zimachitika mwachangu.

(CHIFUKWA₄)₂CO₃ _(r) $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ ANG’ONO₃+ ANG’ONO₄Mtengo wa HCO₃ _(r)

ANG’ONO₄Mtengo wa HCO₃ _(r) $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ ANG’ONO₃+ CO₂+₂O

Zindikirani: ANG’ONO₄Mtengo wa HCO₃ (pophika ufa) amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga keke ya siponji.

– Ammonium salt imakhala ndi ma oxidizing acids monga nitrous acid, nitric acid pamene pyrolysis imapatsa N₂mkazi₂O.

Chitsanzo:

ANG’ONO₄AYI₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂ + 2 NYUMBA₂O

ANG’ONO₄AYI₃ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂O + 2H₂O

Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mpweya wa N₂ ndi MAYI₂O mu labotale.

5. Momwe mungachitire

Small mchere pyrolysis₄AYI₂

6. Kodi mumadziwa?

– Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera N₂ mu labotale.

7. Zochita Zogwirizana

Funso 1: Mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ufa wophikira muzakudya ndi

A. CaCO₃.

B. Na₂CO₃.

C. ANG’ONO₄Mtengo wa HCO₃.

D. ANG’ONO₄Cl.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito mchere WOCHEPA₄Mtengo wa HCO₃kuphika ufa mu chakudya.

Ndime 2: Pali mayankho atatu osalembedwa: NaCl; ANG’ONO₄Cl; NANO₃. Ndi iti mwazinthu zotsatirazi zomwe zitha kusiyanitsa njira zitatu:

A. Phenolphthalein ndi NaOH.

B. Cu ndi HCl.

C. Phenol phthalein; Ku ndi H₂SO₄ washy .

D. Blue litmus ndi AgNO₃.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

– Litmus wofiirira akawonjezeredwa ku zitsanzo zitatu, pamakhala ANG’ONO₄Cl imakhala yofiira litmus. Chifukwa cha hydrolysis ya NH₄Cl: ${ANG’ONO}_{4}^{+} + H_{2} O ⇄ {ANG’ONO}_{3} {+ ABWENZI}_{3} O^{+}$

– Za AgNO₃Munjira ziwiri zotsalazo, NaCl idapanga mvula yoyera.

AgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl↓ + NaNO₃

Funso 3: Zoyeserera zotsatirazi:

(choyamba). ANG’ONO₄AYI₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$

(2). KMnO₄ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$

(3). ANG’ONO₃ + O₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$

(4). ANG’ONO₄Cl $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$

(5). (CHIFUKWA₄)₂CO_{3 $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$}

(6). AgNO₃ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$

Chiwerengero cha zoyesera zopangira chinthu chimodzi ndi:

A. 6

B. 5

C. 4

D. 3

Njira yothetsera:

YankhoC

Chiwerengero cha kuyesa kupanga chinthu chimodzi ndi (1), (2), (3) ndi (6).

(choyamba). $AKAZI H_{4} AKAZI O_{2} \overset{t^{0}}{\to} {AKAZI}_{2} ↑ + 2 H_{2} O$

(2). $2 KY USA n O_{4} \overset{t^{0}}{\to} {KY}_{2} USA n O_{4} + USA n O_{2} + O_{2} ↑$

(3). $4 AKAZI H_{3} + 3 O_{2} \overset{t^{0}}{\to} 2 {AKAZI}_{2} ↑ + 6 H_{2} O$

(4). $AKAZI H_{4} AKALE l \overset{t^{0}}{\to} AKAZI H_{3} + H AKALE l$

(5). ${({ANG’ONO}_{4})}_{2} {CO}_{3} \overset{t^{0}}{\to} AKALE O_{2} + 2 AKAZI H_{3} + H_{2} O$

(6). $A g AKAZI O_{3} \overset{t^{o}}{\to} A g + AKAZI O_{2} + \frac{choyamba}{2} O_{2}$

Funso 4: Mchere Waung’ono₄Mtengo wa HCO₃ gulu

A. mchere wosakaniza.

B. mchere wosalowerera.

C. asidi mchere.

D. mchere wambiri.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

Mchere Waung’ono₄Mtengo wa HCO₃ ndi asidi mchere chifukwa kwambiri $H AKALE O_{3}^{-}$ akadali okhoza kusiyanitsa H⁺.

Funso 5: Ndi ziti mwa zotsatirazi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi pyrolysis reaction? Ayi zolondola?

A. ANG’ONO₄AYI₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂ + 2 NYUMBA₂O

B. ANG’ONO₄AYI₃ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ ANG’ONO₃ + HNO₃

C. ANG’ONO₄Cl $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ ANG’ONO₃ + HCl

D. ANG’ONO₄Mtengo wa HCO₃ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ ANG’ONO₃ + ABWENZI₂O + CO₂

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

ANG’ONO₄AYI₃ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂O + 2H₂O

Funso 6:Ndi iti mwa pyrolysis reaction yomwe ili yolondola?

A. $AKAZI H_{4} AKAZI O_{3} \underset{t^{0}}{\to} AKAZI H_{3} + H AKAZI O_{3}$

B. $2 F e {(AKAZI O_{3})}_{2} \underset{t^{0}}{\to} 2 F e O + 4 AKAZI O_{2} + O_{2}$

C. $AKALE u {(AKAZI O_{3})}_{2} \underset{t^{0}}{\to} AKALE u + 2 AKAZI O_{2} + O_{2}$

D. $AKAZI H_{4} AKAZI O_{2} \underset{t^{0}}{\to} {AKAZI}_{2} + 2 H_{2} O$

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

A akulakwitsa chifukwa ANG’ONO₄AYI₃ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂O + 2H₂O

B ndiyolakwika chifukwa 4Fe(NO₃)₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ 2 Fe₂O₃ + 8 AYI₂ + O₂

C ndiyolakwika chifukwa 2Cu(NO₃)_{2 $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$} 2CuO + 4NO₂ + O₂

D ndi zolondola.

Ndime 7: Mayankho osiyana osalembedwa alipo: ANG’ONO₄AYI₃Al (NO₃)₃(CHIFUKWA₄)₂SO₄. Kuti tisiyanitse mayankho omwe ali pamwambawa, timagwiritsa ntchito yankho

A. NaOH.

B. BaCl₂.

C. NAHSO₄.

D. Ba (OH)₂.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

Onjezani ma reagents awa motsatizana ndi zitsanzo zoyeserera:

– ANG’ONO₄AYI₃ ndi (ZONSE₄)₂SO₄: gasi wopanda mtundu, wobaya.

– Al(NO.)₃)₃: mpweya wa colloidal woyera kenako umasungunuka → Al(NO .) yekha ndi amene amapezeka₃)₃ → mtundu.

– ANG’ONO₄AYI₃ ndi Al (NO₃)₃: palibe chodabwitsa.

(CHIFUKWA₄)₂SO₄: mvula yoyera → pezani kokha (YANG’ONO)₄)₂SO₄ → mtundu.

C. Palibe mwa zitsanzo zoyeserera zomwe zidawonetsa → kukana.

– ANG’ONO₄AYI₃: gasi wopanda mtundu, wobaya.

– Al(NO.)₃)₃: white colloidal precipitate kenako kusungunuka.

– (ZANG’ONO₄)₂SO₄: madzi oyera osasungunuka.

→ pezani mayankho atatu onse.

Ndime 8: Ndemanga zilizonse pansipa? Ayi zolondola za ammonium mchere?

A. Mchere wa ammonium sukhazikika pakutentha.

B. Mchere wonse wa ammonium umasungunuka m’madzi.

C. Ammonium salt ndi ma electrolyte amphamvu.

D. Njira zothetsera mchere wa ammonium nthawi zonse zimakhala zofunikira.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

D ndiyolakwika chifukwa cha ANG’ONO₄⁺ + ABWENZI₂O ⇄ ANG’ONO₃ + ABWENZI₃O⁺

→ ammonium salt nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi acidity.

Ndime 9:Mtengo wa gasi N₂ (pa dtc) yopezedwa ndi pyrolysis wathunthu 16 g SM₄AYI₂ Kukhala

A. 0.56 lita.

B. 11.20 malita.

C. 1.12 malita.

D. 5.60 malita.

Njira yothetsera:

Yankhani

ANG’ONO₄AYI₂ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂ + 2 NYUMBA₂O

$n_{{AKAZI}_{2}} = n_{AKAZI H_{4} AKAZI O_{2}} = \frac{16}{makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu anayi} = 0.25 m o l$

$\to n_{{AKAZI}_{2}} = 0.25.22.4 = 5.6$ lita

Funso 10: Mchere (wamng’ono)₄)CO₃ Ayi Ndi mankhwala ati mwa awa omwe angachuluke akamayankhira mankhwala?

A. Ca (OH)₂.

B. MgCl₂.

C. FeSO₄.

D. NaOH.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

Tili ndi zotsatirazi:

(CHIFUKWA₄)₂CO₃ + Ca (OH)₂ → CaCO₃+ 2NH₃+ 2H₂O

(CHIFUKWA₄)₂CO₃ + MgCl₂ → MgCO₃ + 2 NHS₄Cl

(CHIFUKWA₄)₂CO₃ + FeSO₄ → FeCO₃+ (ZANG’ONO₄)₂SO₄

(CHIFUKWA₄)₂CO₃ + 2NaOH → Na₂CO₃ + 2 NHS₃+ 2H₂O.

Funso 11: Sakanizani 300 ml ya NaNO solution₂ 2M yokhala ndi 200 ml ya SMALL solution₄Cl 2M ndiyeno kutentha mpaka zomwe zachitika. Kuchuluka kwa gasi wosonkhanitsidwa ku dtc ndi

A. 22.4 malita.

B. 13.44 malita.

C. 8.96 malita.

D. 1.12 malita.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

$n_{AKAZI a AKAZI O_{2}} = 0.6 m o l; n_{AKAZI H_{4} AKALE l} = 0.4 m o l$

NANO₂ + ANG’ONO₄Cl $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ AKAZI₂ + NaCl + 2H₂O

→ $n_{{AKAZI}_{2}} = n_{AKAZI H_{4} AKALE l} = 0.4 m o l$

→ ${jambulani}_{{AKAZI}_{2}} = 0,4.22.4 = 8.96$ lita

Ndime 12: Compound X amasungunuka m’madzi kuti apange njira yopanda mtundu. Yankho ili silikuyenda bwino ndi yankho la BaCl₂, pochita ndi NaOH kuti apange mpweya wokhala ndi fungo lopweteka, pochita ndi HCl solution, imatulutsa mpweya umene umapangitsa madzi a laimu kukhala mitambo ndi discolor njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Chinthu ichi ndi

M’BALE WAMKULU₄HSO_3.

B. Na₂SO₃.

C. ANG’ONO₄Mtengo wa HCO_3.

D. (CHIFUKWA₄)₂CO₃.

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho A

– X+ NaOH imatulutsa mpweya wonunkhira bwino → cation ndi $AKAZI H_{4}^{+}$ .

– Yankho la X silipanga mpweya wokhala ndi yankho la BaCl₂ → asidi kwambiri sangakhale $S O_{4}^{2 -}, AKALE O_{3}^{2 -}, S O_{3}^{2 -}$ .

– Solution X + HCl imapanga mpweya umene umapangitsa kuti madzi a laimu akhale mitambo ndi kuchotsa utoto wa potassium permanganate → anion ndi $H S O_{3}^{-}$ .

→ X ndi ANG’ONO₄HSO₃.

Ndime 13: Mixture X imakhala ndi ANG’ONO₄Cl ndi (SMALL₄)₂SO₄. Lolani X achite ndi yankho la Ba(OH).₂ kupitirira, kutentha pang’ono kunalandira magalamu 9,32 a mpweya ndi 2.24 malita a gasi otulutsidwa. Mixture X ili ndi kuchuluka kwa

A. 5.28 magalamu.

B. 6.60 magalamu.

C. 5.35 magalamu.

D. 6.35 magalamu.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

$\begin{matrix} AKAZI H_{4}^{+} + O H^{-} \to AKAZI H_{3} ↑ + H_{2} O \\ Chotsani a^{2 +} + S O_{4}^{2 -} \to Chotsani a S O_{4} ↓ \end{matrix}$

$\begin{matrix} n_{AKAZI H_{3}} = 0.1 m o l \to n_{AKAZI H_{4}^{+}} = 0.1 m o l \\ n_{↓} = \frac{9.32}{233} = 0.04 m o l \to n_{S O_{4}^{2 -}} = 0.04 m o l \end{matrix}$

Conservation of charge tili ndi:

$n_{AKALE l^{-}} = n_{AKAZI H_{4}^{+}} - 2 n_{S O_{4}^{2 -}} = 0.02 m o l$

Kutetezedwa kwa mchere wambiri tili ndi:

m_mchere = m_cationic + m_anion

→ m_mchere = 0.1.18 + 0.04.96 + 0.02.35.5 = 6.35 magalamu

Ndime 14: Onjezani 2.3 magalamu a Na mpaka 200 ml ya yankho (YANG’ono₄)₂SO₄ 1M. Kutentha kuti mupeze V malita a gasi (dktc). Mtengo wapatali wa magawo V

A. 1.12.

B. 2.24.

C. 3.36.

D. 10.08.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂

2NaOH + (Yaing’ono₄)₂SO₄ → 2 ANG’ONO₃+ Na₂SO₄ + 2 NYUMBA₂O

→ Mpweya womwe wapezeka uli ndi H₂ ndi ANG’ONO₃

$n_{AKAZI a} = 0.1 m o l; n_{{(AKAZI H_{4})}_{2} S O_{4}} = 0.2 m o l$

→ n_NaOH = 0.1 mol <0.2

→ $n_{AKAZI H_{3}} = 0.1 m o l \to {jambulani}_{AKAZI H_{3}} = 2.24$ lita

$n_{H_{2}} = \frac{n_{AKAZI a}}{2} = 0.05 m o l \to {jambulani}_{H_{2}} = 1.12$ lita

→ V = 2.24 + 1.12 = 3.36 malita.

8. Ma equation ena a mankhwala a nayitrogeni ndi mankhwala:

ANG’ONO₄Mtengo wa HCO₃ $\overset{t^{o}}{\to}$ ANG’ONO₃ + CO₂ + ABWENZI₂O

(CHIFUKWA₄)₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ → BASO₄ + 2NH₄Cl

(CHIFUKWA₄)₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2 NHS₃ + 2H₂O

ANG’ONO₃ + HNO₃ → ANG’ONO₄AYI₃

4 ANG’ONO₃ + 5 O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O

ANG’ONO₃ + ABWENZI₂O ⇄ ANG’ONO₄OH

2 ANG’ONO₃ + ABWENZI₂SO₄ → (CHIFUKWA₄)₂SO₄

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