Tailieumoi.vn ikufuna kukufotokozerani za equation 6P + 5KClO₃ $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 5KCl + 3P₂O₅ kuphatikizira momwe zinthu zimachitikira, njira, zochitika ndi zochitika zina zofananira zomwe zingathandize ophunzira kuphatikiza chidziwitso chonse ndi luso loyeserera pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi pa chemical reaction equation of phosphorous. Tikukupemphani kuti muwonere:

Equation 6P + 5KClO₃ $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 5KCl + 3P₂O₅

1. Chemical Reaction Equation

6P + 5KClO₃ → 3P₂O₅ + 5 KCl

2. Zomwe zimachitika

– Kuchita zophulika, ndi utsi wambiri.

3. Zochita

Zomwe zimachitika zimachitika bwino.

4. Mankhwala katundu

P ndi zonse zochepetsera komanso oxidizing

Kuchotsa katundu

a. Kuchepetsa kwamphamvu kopanda zitsulo:O₂Cl₂S…

– Kuchotsa O₂ :

Phosphorous yoyera imakhudzidwa ndi okosijeni nthawi zonse, momwe zimakhalira zimapereka mphamvu ngati kuwala → kuchititsa chemiluminescence.

Phosphorous yofiira imagwira kokha ndi mpweya pa kutentha kwakukulu

– Chotsani: (phosphorous trichloride)

(phosphorous pentachloride)

b. Kuchepetsa ena olimba oxidizing mankhwala

Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni

* P imatulutsa zitsulo zogwira ntchito kuti zipereke phosfide yachitsulo

5. Momwe mungachitire

Sakanizani ufa wa P ndi ufa wa KClO₃ kenako anakulungidwa mu pepala ndi kusinja mopepuka.

6. Zochita Zogwirizana

Funso 1: Dziwani kuchuluka kwa % kwa P mu Na₂HPO₄.n₂O ndi 8.659%. Krustalo yamchere ya hydrated ili ndi nambala ya molekyulu H₂O ndi

A. 9

B. khumi

C. 11

D. khumi ndi ziwiri

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

Kuwerengeredwa mu 1 mole ya makhiristo.

$\begin{array}{c}\to \frac{\mathrm{makumi\; atatu\; choyamba}}{142+18n}=0.08659\\ \to n=\mathrm{khumi\; ndi\; ziwiri}\end{array}$

Ndime 2: Pezani ma chemical equation olembedwa cholakwika?

A. 2P + 3Ca $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ Shift₃P₂

B. 4P + 5O₂(zotsalira) $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 2P₂O₅

C. PCl₃ + 3 MAola₂O → BWANJI₃PO₃ + 3 HCl

D. P₂O₃ + 3 MAola₂O → 2H₃PO₄

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

D akulakwitsa chifukwa P₂O₅ + 3 MAola₂O → 2H₃PO₄

Funso 3: Phosphorus (P) ndi okosijeni mu zomwe zotsatirazi zimachitika?

A. Cl₂.

B. O₂.

C. Shift.

D. S.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

P imayimira makutidwe ndi okosijeni pochita ndi chochepetsera, nambala ya okosijeni imachepa pambuyo pa zomwe zimachitika.

$2\stackrel{0}{P}+3\mathrm{AKALE}a\stackrel{t^0}{\to }\mathrm{AKALE}{a}_3{\stackrel{-3}{P}}_2$

Funso 4: Phosphorus ili ndi ma allotrope angapo ofunikira:

A. 3 mitundu: wofiira phosphorous, woyera phosphorous ndi yellow phosphorous

B. 2 mitundu: phosphorous wofiira ndi phosphorous woyera

C. 1 mawonekedwe a phosphorous wofiira

D. 1 mawonekedwe a phosphorous woyera

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

Phosphorus imatha kupezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya allotropes, koma ndiyofunikira kwambiri kuposa phosphorous yoyera ndi yofiira.

Funso 5: Gwero lochuluka kwambiri la phosphorous mu chilengedwe ndi

A.mchere wa ciderite.

B.pyrite miyala.

C.zomanga thupi.

D.matupi a anthu ndi nyama.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

Phosphorus m’chilengedwe imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri a zomera.

Funso 6: Magnesium phosphide ali ndi formula

A. Mg₂P₂O₇

B. Mg₂P₃

C. Mg₃P₂

D. Mg₃(PO.)₄)₂

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

Njira ya magnesium phosphide ndi Mg.₃P₂.

Ndime 7: Popereka 0,25 mol P₂O₅ mu yankho lomwe lili ndi ma x moles a KOH. Kupeza 2 K. mchere₂HPO₄ ndi RED₂PO₄ ndiye mtengo wa x uyenera kukhala mu nthawi

A. 0

B. 0.5

C. 0.25

D. 1

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

$n_{P_2{O}_5}=0.25mol\to n_{H_{3}P{O}_4}=0.5mol$

Kupeza 2 K. mchere₂HPO₄ ndi RED₂PO₄ ndiye $\mathrm{choyamba}<\frac{x}{0.5}<2\to 0.5<x<\mathrm{choyamba}$

Ndime 8: Ganizirani zosakaniza X zokhala ndi mole wa phosphorous ndi b mole wa sulfure. Sungunulani kwathunthu X mu yankho la HNO₃ Yang’anani kwambiri 20 kuposa kuchuluka kofunikira kuti mupeze yankho Y. Chiwerengero cha timadontho ting’onoting’ono ta NaOH chofunikira kuti tichepetse yankho la Y ndi

A. (3a + 2b) mol

B. (3.2a + 1.6b) mol

C. (1,2a + 3b) mol

D. (4a + 3.2b) mol

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

$\begin{array}{c}P+5H\mathrm{AKAZI}{O}_3\to H_{3}P{O}_4+5\mathrm{AKAZI}{O}_2\uparrow +H_{2}O\\ a\to 5a\to a\left(mol\right)\end{array}$

$\begin{array}{c}S+6H\mathrm{AKAZI}{O}_3\to H_{2}S{O}_4+6\mathrm{AKAZI}{O}_2\uparrow +2H_{2}O\\ b\to 6b\to b\left(mol\right)\end{array}$

$\to \sum n_{H\mathrm{AKAZI}O3pu}=\left(5a+6b\right)mol$

→ $n_{H\mathrm{AKAZI}{O}_3}$_zotsalira = (5a + 6b).20% = a + 1,2b (mol)

Sungani chinthu H:

$\begin{array}{c}\sum n_{H+}=n_{H\mathrm{AKAZI}{O}_3}+3n_{H_{3}P{O}_4}+2n_{H_{2}S{O}_4}=\left(a+1.2b\right)+3a+2b\\ \to \sum n_{H+}=4a+3.2b\left(mol\right)\end{array}$

Neutralization reaction: $H^{+}+O{H}^{-}\to H_{2}O$

$\to n_{\mathrm{AKAZI}aOH}=n_{O{H}^{-}}=n_{H^{+}}=4a+3.2b\left(mol\right)$

Ndime 9: Kukonzekera phosphorous (mu mawonekedwe a P), ore yomwe ili ndi Ca₃(PO.)₄)₂ ndi SiO₂ ndi kuchuluka kwa kaboni kokwanira ndikuwotchedwa mu ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri (2000⁰C). Ngati tani imodzi ya ore ili ndi 62% Ca₃(PO.)₄)₂ ndiye ndi makilogalamu angati a phosphorous omwe angapezeke pambuyo pochitapo kanthu kuti zomwe zimachitika ndi 90%?

A. 12.4kg

B. 137.78 kg

C. 124 kg

D. 111.6 kg

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

$\begin{array}{c}{n}_{\mathrm{AKALE}{a}_3{\left(P{O}_4\right)}_2}=\frac{1000000}{310}\mathrm{.0.62}=2000\left(mol\right)=2\left(kmol\right)\\ \mathrm{AKALE}{a}_3+3S\mathrm{ndi}{O}_2+5\mathrm{AKALE}\stackrel{{2000}^0\mathrm{AKALE}}{\to }3\mathrm{AKALE}aS\mathrm{ndi}{O}_3+5\mathrm{AKALE}O\uparrow +2P\end{array}$

Kusunga P tili ndi: n_{Theoretical P} = $2n_{\mathrm{AKALE}{a}_3{\left(P{O}_4\right)}_2}=4\left(kmol\right)$

Kodi H = 90% → m_{Zenizeni P zapezeka} = $\mathrm{4.31.90}\%=111.6kg$

Funso 10: Kutenthetsa 1000 magalamu a phosphorite ore okhala ndi Ca₃(PO.)₄)₂ 77.5% yokhutira ndi C ndi SiO₂ amatengedwa mopitilira 1000^oC. Dziwani kuti zochita Mwachangu ndi 80%. Misa P yopezeka ndi

A. 310 magalamu.

B. 148 magalamu.

C. 155 magalamu.

D. 124 magalamu.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

$\begin{array}{c}{n}_{\mathrm{AKALE}{a}_3{\left(P{O}_4\right)}_{2}pu}=\frac{\mathrm{1000.77.5}\%}{310}\mathrm{.0.8}=2mol\\ \mathrm{AKALE}{a}_3+3S\mathrm{ndi}{O}_2+5\mathrm{AKALE}\stackrel{{2000}^0\mathrm{AKALE}}{\to }3\mathrm{AKALE}aS\mathrm{ndi}{O}_3+5\mathrm{AKALE}O\uparrow +2P\end{array}$

Sungani phosphorous, tili ndi:

$\begin{array}{c}{n}_P=2n_{\mathrm{AKALE}{a}_3{\left(P{O}_4\right)}_2}=4mol\\ \to m_P=4.31=124gam\end{array}$

Funso 11: Pagulu, phosphorous imakhala ndi nambala ya okosijeni ya .

A. -3, +3, +5.

B. -3, +3, +5, 0.

C. +3, +5, 0, +1.

D. -3, 0, +1, +3, +5.

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho A

Pagulu, phosphorous ali ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni manambala -3, +3, +5.

Ndime 12: Lolani P achite ndi Ca, zomwe zidapezeka ndi

A. Kap₂.

B. Shift₂P₃.

C. Kap.

D. Shift₃P₂.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

2P + 3Ca _{$\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$} Shift₃P₂

Ndime 13: Miyezo iwiri yayikulu ya phosphorous ndi:

A. Apatite ndi hematite

B. Pyrite ndi phosphorous

C. Apatite ndi phosphorous

D. Manhetite ndi apatite

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

Michere iwiri yayikulu yomwe ili ndi P ndi apatite (3Ca₃(PO.)₄)₂.CaF₂) ndi phosphorous (3Ca₃(PO.)₄)₂).

Ndime 14: Pamene klorini owonjezera amadutsa phosphorous wosungunuka, zomwe mwa zotsatirazi zidzapezedwa:

A. PCl₃

B. PCl₅

C. PCl₂

D. PCl

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

2P + 5Cl_{2 $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$}2 PCl₅

Ndime 15:Ndi iti mwa zotsatirazi yomwe yadziwika bwino?

A. Nambala ya okosijeni ya phosphorous imatha kuwonjezeka kuchoka pa 0 mpaka +3 kapena +5 kotero phosphorous ikucheperachepera.

B. Phosphorus imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kuchokera ku 0 mpaka -3, kotero phosphorous imangokhala oxidizing.

C. Nambala ya okosijeni ya phosphorous ikhoza kuwonjezeka kuchokera ku 0 mpaka +3 kapena +5, ikhoza kuchepa kuchokera ku 0 mpaka -3, kotero phosphorous imasonyeza kuchepetsa ndi oxidizing katundu.

D. Phosphorus ndi inert kwambiri mankhwala, kotero kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni nambala mu chemical reaction.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

A ndi B ndi olakwika chifukwa phosphorous ali zotheka makutidwe ndi okosijeni limati: -3, 0, +3, +5 → P onse oxidizing ndi kuchepetsa.

C ndi zolondola.

D ndiyolakwika chifukwa P yoyera ili ndi mawonekedwe ofooka, motero imakhala yogwira ntchito ndi mankhwala → Pali kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa okosijeni pamachitidwe amankhwala.

Ndime 16: Ndi iti mwa ziganizo zotsatirazi yomwe ili yolondola:

A. Ngakhale phosphorous imakhala yochepa mphamvu ya electronegative poyerekeza ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa nayitrogeni chifukwa zomangira za mu molekyulu ya phosphorous sizikhazikika poyerekeza ndi zomwe zili mu molekyulu ya nayitrogeni.

B. Nayitrojeni ndi wochepa mphamvu kuposa phosphorous chifukwa nayitrogeni ndi wocheperako kuposa phosphorous.

C. Kutentha kwa chipinda, zonse ziwiri za nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous zimalowetsedwa ndi mankhwala.

D. Nayitrojeni sakhala ndi electronegative pang’ono kuposa phosphorous, motero imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri ndi mankhwala.

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho A

Phosphorus imakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa nayitrogeni ngakhale kuti imakhala yochepa kwambiri chifukwa chakuti mamolekyu a phosphorous amakhala osakhazikika kusiyana ndi molekyu ya nayitrogeni.

Ndime 17: Ndi ziti mwa ziganizo zotsatirazi? cholakwika?

A. NaHCO₃ amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mafakitale a mankhwala ndi zakudya.

B. Phosphorous yoyera ndi yowonekera, yoyera kapena yachikasu pang’ono.

C. Cellulose ndi wobiriwira, ulusi, wolimba, wosungunuka m’madzi.

D. Phosphorous wofiira ali ndi dongosolo lofanana.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO C

C akulakwitsa chifukwa Cellulose ndi yoyera, yamtundu, yolimba, yosasungunuka m’madzi.

Ndime 18: Kuwotcha 15.5 magalamu a phosphorous mu owonjezera mpweya ndiyeno kupasuka mankhwala mu 200 magalamu a madzi. C% ya asidi wopezeka ndi

A. 11.36%

B. 20.8%

C. 24.5%

D. 22.7%

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho ndi AYI

Chemical reaction:

4P + 5o_{2 $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$} 2P₂O₅

P₂O₅ + 3 MAola₂O → 2H₃PO₄

$n_P=\frac{15.5}{\mathrm{makumi\; atatu\; choyamba}}=0.5mol$

Kusunga element P timapeza:

^{$n_{H_{3}P{O}_4}=n_P=0.5mol$} ndi ^{$n_{P_2{O}_5}=\frac{n_P}{2}=0.25mol$}

Unyinji wa yankho pambuyo poyankha ndi:

$m_{\text{dd}}=m_{P_2{O}_5}+m_{H_{2}O}=\mathrm{0.25.142}+200=235.5gam$

$\to \mathrm{AKALE}\%=\frac{\mathrm{0.5.98}}{235.5}.100\%\approx 20.8\%$

Ndime 19: Ndi iti mwa mapulogalamu awa? Ayi ndi phosphorous?

A. Kupanga machesi.

B. Kupanga bomba.

C. Kupanga asidi wa phosphoric.

D. Kupanga nitric acid.

Njira yothetsera:

YANKHO WOsavuta

Phosphorous yambiri yomwe imapangidwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga asidi wa phosphoric, yotsalayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga machesi, kuwonjezera apo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazolinga zankhondo: kupanga mabomba, zipolopolo zoyaka, zipolopolo zautsi, ndi zina zambiri.

Ndime 20: Lolani phosphorous achite ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: Ca, O₂Cl₂KClO_3, HNO₃ ndi IWO₂SO₄ wandiweyani, otentha. Phosphorus imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingati zomwe zili pamwambazi?

A. 6.

B. 5.

C. 4.

D. 3.

Njira yothetsera:

Yankho A

P imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zonse 6 pamwambapa.

2P + 3Ca$\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ Shift₃P₂

4P + 5o₂ $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 2P₂O₅

2P + 5Cl₂ $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 2 PCl₅

6P + 5KClO₃ $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 3P₂O₅ + 5 KCl

P + 5HNO₃ → ABWENZI₃PO₄ + 5 AYI₂ + ABWENZI₂O

2P + 5H₂SO_{4 wapadera} $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 2 banja₃PO₄ + 5 SO₂ + 2 NYUMBA₂O

8. Ma equation ena a chemical reaction a Phosphorus (P) and compounds:

2P + 3Cl₂ $\stackrel{t^o}{\to }$ 2 PCl₃

2P + 5H₂SO₄ cholimba → 2H₃PO₄ + 5 SO₂+ 2H₂O

P + 5HNO₃ wapadera → MOTO₃PO₄ + 5 AYI₂+₂O

P₂O₅ + 3 MAola₂O → 2H₃PO₄

P₂O₅ + 6KOH → 2K₃PO₄ + 3 MAola₂O

H₃PO₄ + 3NaOH → Na₃PO₄ + 3 MAola₂O